PLC的外設很豐富,編程器種類很多,用起來都較方便,還有數據監控器,可監控PLC的工作。使用PLC的軟件也很多,不僅可用類似于繼電電路設計的梯形圖語言,有的還可用BASIC語言、C語言,以至于自然語言。這些也為PLC編程提供了方便。
PLC的程序也便于存儲、移植及再使用。某定型產品用的PLC的程序完善之后,凡這種產品都可使用。生產一臺,拷貝一份即可。這比起繼電器電路臺臺設備都要接線、調試,要省事及簡單得多。
(4)維修方便:這是由于:
①PLC工作可靠,出現故障的情況未幾,這大大減輕了維修的工作量。這在講述PLC的第三個特點時,還將進一步介紹。
②即使PLC出現故障,維修也很方便。這是由于PLC都設有很多故障提示信號,如PLC支持內存保持數據的電池電壓不足,相應的就有電壓低信號指示。而且,PLC本身還可作故障情況記錄。所以,PLC出了故障,很易診斷。同時,診斷出故障后排故也很簡單。可按模塊排故,而模塊的備件市場可以買到,進行簡單的更換就可以。至于軟件,調試好后不會出故障,再多只要依據使用經驗進行調整,使之完善就是了。
(5)改用方便:PLC用于某設備,若這個設備不再使用了,其所用的PLC還可給別的設備使用,只要改編一下程序,就可辦到。假如原設備與新設備差別較大,它的一些模塊還可重用。
3 工作可靠
用PLC實現對系統的控制是非常可靠的。這是由于PLC在硬件與軟件兩個方面都采取了很多措施,確保它能可靠工作。事實上,假如PLC工作不可靠,就無法在產業環境下運用,也就不成其為PLC了。
(1) 在硬件方面:
PLC的輸進輸出電路與內部CPU是電隔離。其信息靠光耦器件或電磁器件傳遞。而且,CPU板還有抗電磁干擾的屏蔽措施。故可確保PLC程序的運行不受外界的電與磁干擾,能正常地工作。
PLC使用的元器件多為無觸點的,而且為高度集成的,數目并不太多,也為其可靠工作提供了物質基礎。
在機械結構設計與制造工藝上,為使PLC能安全可靠地工作,也采取了很多措施,可確保PLC耐振動、耐沖擊。使用環境溫度可高達攝氏50多度,有的PLC可高達80——90度。
有的PLC的模塊可熱備,一個主機工作,另一個主機也運轉,但不參與控制,僅作備份。一旦工作主機出現故障,熱備的可自動接替其工作。
還有更進一步冗余的,采用三取一的設計,CPU、I/O模塊、電源模塊都冗余或其中的部分冗余。三套同時工作,終極輸出取決于三者中的多數決定的結果。這可使系統出故障的機率幾乎為零,做到萬無一失。當然,這樣的系統本錢是很高的,只用于特別重要的場合,如鐵路車站的道叉控制系統。
(2)軟件方面:
PLC的工作方式為掃描加中斷,這既可保證它能有序地工作,避免繼電控制系統常出現的"冒險競爭",其控制結果總是確定的;而且又能應急處理急于處理的控制,保證了PLC對應急情況的及時響應,使PLC能可靠地工作。
為監控PLC運行程序是否正常,PLC系統都設置了"看門狗"(Watchingdog)監控程序。運行用戶程序開始時,先清"看門狗"定時器,并開始計時。當用戶程序一個循環運行完了,則查看定時器的計時值。若超時(一般不超過100ms),則報警。嚴重超時,還可使PLC停止工作。用戶可依報警信號采取相應的應急措施。定時器的計時值若不超時,則重復起始的過程,PLC將正常工作。顯然,有了這個"看門狗"監控程序,可保證PLC用戶程序的正常運行,可避免出現"死循環"而影響其工作的可靠性。
PLC還有很多防止及檢測故障的指令,以產生各重要模塊工作正常與否的提示信號。可通過編制相應的用戶程序,對PLC的工作狀況,以及PLC所控制的系統進行監控,以確保其可靠工作。
PLC每次上電后,還都要運行自檢程序及對系統進行初始化。這是系統程序配置了的,用戶可不干預。出現故障時有相應的出錯信號提示。
正是PLC在軟、硬件諸方面有強有力的可靠性措施,才確保了PLC具有可靠工作的特點。它的均勻無故障時間可達幾萬小時以上;出了故障均勻修復時間也很短,幾小時以至于幾分鐘即可。
曾有人做過為什么要使用PLC的問卷調查。在回答中,多數用戶把PLC工作可靠作為選用它的主要原因,即把PLC能可靠工作,作為它的首選指標。
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TOKYO SEIMITSU HA1120A DIVIDER BOARD[2PCS]FOR A-WD-208T
OMRON CPU NE2A-SCPU01 SAFETY NETWORK CONTROLLER,NE2A-PD025,NE2A-DNS21,NE2A-END
MKS INSTRUMENTS TYPE?153 ConTROL VALVE 153F-1-40-2
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HD 20-50-008595 HARMonIC DRIVE SYSTEMS,GEAR,GEARHEAD,REDUCER,#1
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HD SF14-50-180188, HARMonIC DRIVE SYSTEMS,GEAR,GEARHEAD,REDUCER,
HD 17-50-025775, HARMonIC DRIVE SYSTEMS,GEAR,GEARHEAD,REDUCER,#1
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HD 14-100, HARMONIC?DRIVE SYSTEMS,GEAR,GEARHEAD,REDUCER,#4
HD SF14-100-087360,?HARMonIC DRIVE SYSTEMS,GEAR,GEARHEAD,REDUCER,#1
HD H SF14-100, HARMonIC DRIVE SYSTEMS,GEAR,GEARHEAD,REDUCER,#1
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NSK SERVO MOTOR JS1003FN507 TESTED WORKING
CMC PM SERVO MOTOR 2115000M3000WEC-C0,GEARHEAD B3,DIGITAL ENCODER 21DM1000 5L37A
CMC PM SERVO MOTOR 2115000M3000WEC-CO,GEARHEAD B3,DIGITAL ENCODER 21DM1000
THK BEARING RBV168,RBV168-1231543 NNB
MITSUBISHI PLC AS92R
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INDUSTRIAL SBC,PC,IPC,PCISA-158HV-SAM1 COMPUTER BOARD TESTED?WORKING
INDUSTRIAL SBC,PC,IPC,ConTEC PC-686C [PC] H-LV 7654A,INTEL PENTIUM III 700MHZ
IAI ACTUATOR ConTROLLER SCON-C-200A-NP-2-2 FOR IF-MA2R-A-200-1600-T2-X07
HORIBA STEC MASS FLOW ConTROLLER SEC-Z512MGX,GAS:N2 1SLM NNB
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Newly listed?INDUSTRIAL SBC,PC,IPC,ConTEC PC-686C [PC] H-LV 7654A COMPUTER,P- III CPU 700MHZ
MITSUBISHI AC SERVO?MOTOR HC-SFS152B TESTED,WORKING
SIEMENS SIMATIC,S7 1P 6ES7 407-0DA00-0AA0
PANASonIC AC SERVO DRIVE MDDA153D1A44 1.5KW
LEICA MIS200 Q54109?301-364.025(-007)/01FAULHABER MOTOREN 2233R012S 62 F0798
TEL PCB LST 3208-000037-12,3281-000037-12 AND 3281-000058-1,3208-000058-11 BOARD
TOKYO ELECTRON LTD T/B,MC-31304, 8545P08569B 2108-020122-11?2180-020434-13 NNB
HD SF14-100-900480-?HARMonIC DRIVE SYSTEMS,GEAR,GEARHEAD,REDUCER,
TEL MonITOR SYSTEM TVB-ISC 1381-644957-17,TVB3101-1/ISC,1308-644957-13 BOARD NNB
KLA TENCOR INSTRUMENTS PFE 4K MASK,SFS7500 213780
SIEMENS SIMATIC CP 342-5,6GK7342-5DA01-0xE0
Applied Materials, STEPPER DRIVE BOARD 0100-00003
MKS BOULDER VACUUM 10099A0421
VMIC VMEBUS VMIVME 2532A BOARD,332-000113-427D
PARKER COMPUMOTOR RP240 OPERATOR INTERFACE
HD 17-50-180863, HARMonIC DRIVE SYSTEMS,GEAR,GEARHEAD,REDUCER,
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NIKON 4S015-165- BOARD BUSMON4
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VELConIC VLPST-0006-P2V-XB,SERVO DRIVE,AMP,PACK, TOEI ELECTRIC
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VELConIC VLPST-0006-P2V-XB,070007,SERVO?DRIVE,AMP,PACK, TOEIELECTRIC
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FANUC POWER UNIT A16B-1212-0100-01
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PACIFIC SCIENTIFIC ,DRIVER SC423-402-T4?TESTED WORKING
RICOH R0177516D TPB-SA.V0, EMBEDDED MOTHERBOARD FB6GM-L-14,PWB:R0176020A WORKING
APEX DYNAMICS REDUCER GEARHEAD AB115-S1-P2 / RATIO 5:1
FINE SODICK MARK EX?EDW I/O-02E PCB BOARD
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INDUSTRIAL SBC,PC,IPC,ibase IB720,IB720-I1A-C1A-0927,PENTIUM?III CPU AT 850MHZ
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VAT 61248-PAAP-AFW1/0002 A-625929
SIEMENS BOARD 6FX1123-80A04 #3
LEICA MIS200 301-364.037(-007)/01 301-364.036(-007)/02
TEL TOKYO QUARTZ 2L05-250211-11,RING.FOCUS LABY-CE R&D NEW IN BOX
HITACHI AC SERVO DRIVER ADA-20LS-K NNB
YASKAWA SGMPH-15AAA2C AC SERVO MOTOR
PRO-FACE GP577R-SC11?TOUCH LCD SCREEN GRAPHIC,HMI,
INTERFACE IBX-2794CL?BOARD P/962/44-001[14] A027 TESTED
PACIFIC SCIENTIFIC ,DRIVER SC423-402-T4?TESTED WORKING
RICOH R0177516D TPB-SA.V0, EMBEDDED MOTHERBOARD FB6GM-L-14,PWB:R0176020A WORKING
APEX DYNAMICS REDUCER GEARHEAD AB115-S1-P2 / RATIO 5:1
FINE SODICK MARK EX?EDW I/O-02E PCB BOARD
VAT GATE,SLIT VALVE?03009-NA24-1003/0268?A-648176
TAMURA OLD-12/15CC POWER SUPPLY
SIEMENS PLC 6ES7 223-1PL22-0xA0(1) 6ES7?221-1BF22-0xA0(3) 6ES7 223-1BH21-0xA0(1)
SIGMA KOKI SURUGA SEIKI B33-60A X.Y.Z STAGE
MESA POWER SYSTEMS BOARD 10651
OMRON NM010 BOARD PCB0006FA2,3G8B3-NM010
HD 25-50-520334-2-E,?HARMonIC DRIVE SYSTEMS,GEAR,GEARHEAD,REDUCER,#1
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FANUC BOARD A16B-2202-0420/07E #1
PANASonIC AC SERVO DRIVER MDDDT3530L01,1.0KW
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GIKEN AC SERVO DRIVER AU3504 N123E13,[TAMAGAWA AU3516N Z3-6203]
INDUSTRIAL SBC,PC,IPC, ADVANTECH PAC-6186 G2 REV.A1 TESTED?WORKING.
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INDUSTRIAL SBC,PC,IPC,ibase IB720,IB720-I1A-C1A-0927,PENTIUM?III CPU AT 850MHZ
GIKEN GSS-15-N02,SERVO DRIVE GSS ConTROLLER TA8089N2512E453
WATLOW F4 Temperature Process ControllerF4PH-CCAA-01RG,TYPE?4X ENCLOSURE
PARKER BAYSIDE REDUCER GEARHEAD P/N: PV90FB-005 MTG: MV90-002 RATIO: 5:1
TEL BOARD PST-OPT P-12XL MOTOR 3381-000084-11
VAT 61248-PAAP-AFW1/0002 A-625929
SIEMENS BOARD 6FX1123-80A04 #3
LEICA MIS200 301-364.037(-007)/01 301-364.036(-007)/02
TEL TOKYO QUARTZ 2L05-250211-11,RING.FOCUS LABY-CE R&D NEW IN BOX
HITACHI AC SERVO DRIVER ADA-20LS-K NNB
YASKAWA SGMPH-15AAA2C AC SERVO MOTOR
PRO-FACE GP577R-SC11?TOUCH LCD SCREEN GRAPHIC,HMI,
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SIEMENS POWER SUPPLY?200W-MULTI-OUTPUT-SCHALTNETZTEIL 4FD6303-0LA03-1A
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DYNAX CORPORATION 6XAD-002 TEACH PENDANT
FUJI UG210H-SC4 TOUCH SCREEN HMI
INFRANOR CD1 MULTI PURPOSE AC SERVO DRIVER,CD1-pm-STO U:230,1:4.5 NIB 2.25A
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PANASonIC AC SERVO DRIVER ADKA300GVTDAA
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