6ES5445-3AA11

 

現(xiàn)在一些帶現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)儀表本身裝了很多功能塊，固然不同產(chǎn)品同種功能塊在性能上會(huì)稍有差別，但一個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)支路上有很多功能雷同功能塊的情況是客觀存在的。選用哪一個(gè)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)儀表上的功能塊，是系統(tǒng)組態(tài)要解決的題目。

 

考慮這個(gè)題目的原則是：盡量減少總線上的信息往返。一般可以選擇與該功能有關(guān)的信息輸出最多的那臺(tái)儀表上的功能塊。

 

3．2 典型系統(tǒng)比較

 

通過使用現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線，用戶可以大量減少現(xiàn)場(chǎng)接線，用單個(gè)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)儀表可實(shí)現(xiàn)多變量通訊，不同制造廠生產(chǎn)的裝置間可以完全互操縱，增加現(xiàn)場(chǎng)一級(jí)的控制功能，系統(tǒng)集成大大簡(jiǎn)化，并且維護(hù)十分簡(jiǎn)便。典型的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線系統(tǒng)框圖示于圖1。從圖1中可以看出，傳統(tǒng)的過程控制儀表系統(tǒng)每個(gè)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)裝置到控制室都需使用一對(duì)專用的雙絞線，以傳送4~20mA信號(hào)，圖2所示現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線系統(tǒng)中，每個(gè)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)裝置到接線盒的雙絞線仍然可以使用，但是從現(xiàn)場(chǎng)接線盒到中心控制室僅用一根雙絞線完成數(shù)字通訊。

 

圖1：傳統(tǒng)的過程控制系統(tǒng)

通過采用現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線控制系統(tǒng)，到底能節(jié)省多少電纜，編者尚未做此計(jì)算。但是，我們不可以采用DCS系統(tǒng)的電廠中與自動(dòng)控制系統(tǒng)有關(guān)的所用電纜公里數(shù)看出，電纜在基建投資中所占份額。

 

某電廠，2×300MW燃煤機(jī)組。熱力系統(tǒng)為單元制。每臺(tái)機(jī)組設(shè)置一座集中控制樓，采用機(jī)、爐、電單元集中控制方式。單元控制室的標(biāo)高為12.6米，與運(yùn)行層標(biāo)高一致。DCS采用WDPF—Ⅱ，每臺(tái)機(jī)組設(shè)計(jì)的I/O點(diǎn)為4500點(diǎn)。

 

 

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